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Butler is a city in Bates County, Missouri, United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Geographic Names Information System )〕 The population was 4,219 at the 2010 census. The county seat of Bates County,〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 the city is named for William Orlando Butler, a noted American military and political figure of the early and mid-19th century. It is located approximately fifty miles south of Kansas City, Missouri on U.S. Route 71-Interstate 49. ==History== When originally laid out in April, 1852 Butler was a short distance from its later and current location, with John C. Kennett being recognized as the first settler to build a home.〔 The plat for Butler was filed in August, 1853 and consisted of five lots on fifty-five acres of donated land. The previous county seat for Bates county was Papinville. However when a large portion of the county was split off to form Vernon county in 1855, Papinville was no longer near the geographic center and Butler was selected for the role in 1856.〔 County officials shortly thereafter selected the contracting firm of Fitzpatrick & Hurt to construct a fifty-by-fifty foot brick courthouse at a cost of $5,000. This building would serve the county until being gutted by fire in 1861.〔 The year 1856 also saw the establishment of Butler's first general mercantile store, with several others following in the years prior to wars outbreak in 1861. Fire and blood: The Civil War brought troubled times to Butler, like much of western Missouri. Early in the conflict a major fire destroyed not only the Bates County courthouse but nearly all of the surrounding square of businesses and the town's first church.〔 The arson fire was the handiwork of a squad of volunteer Kansas cavalry acting on orders of notorious Jayhawker Colonel James Montgomery. A company of pro-Confederate Missouri State Guard cavalry under Sidney D. Jackman arrived too late to stop the arson but did pursue the Kansans back across the border, killing and wounding several in the process.〔 During much of the spring and summer of 1862 the town was occupied by Union Colonel Fitz Henry Warren and elements of the 1st Regiment Iowa Volunteer Cavalry. Arriving in April, they stayed until mid-August when they left for Clinton, Missouri, followed closely by Confederate troops under Colonel Jackman and General Vard Cockrell. The opposing groups would finally meet a few days later at the Battle of Lone Jack in Jackson county.〔 Two months later a Civil War milestone took place in Bates County approximately eight miles southwest of Butler. During the Battle of Island Mound (aka "Battle of Fort Toothman") on October 28–29, 1862 the Union 1st Kansas Colored Volunteers—composed of former Arkansas and Missouri slaves—and a scouting element from the 5th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry engaged a numerically superior force of Confederate guerrillas and recent Missouri State Guard recruits led by Vard Cockrell and Bill Truman, a relative of President Harry S. Truman. The Union forces crossed into Missouri on a mission to clear Confederate guerrillas from an area known as "Hog Island".〔 However finding themselves outnumbered the Union troops commandeered and fortified the homestead of Confederate guerrilla Enoch John Toothman and a one-day siege ensued. After several volleys of gunfire and a cavalry charge the Confederates withdrew from the area on October 29. The battle was significant as the first time African-American troops engaged Confederate forces during the Civil War. On August 25, 1863 Union Army General Thomas Ewing issued his controversial Order No. 11.〔 Ostensibly it was response to the raid on Lawrence, Kansas by Confederate guerrillas under William Quantrill and a means of cutting off materiel support for further bushwhacker activity. However opponents viewed it as a personal vendetta by Ewing, an Abolitionist Kansan who lost several friends in the raid. Order No. 11 called for the forced evacuation of the rural residents of Bates and three other border counties (Cass, Jackson, and Vernon) within 15 days of issuance.〔 All rural residents of the affected counties, regardless of their allegiance, were forced to leave their farms and homes. Those who could prove their loyalty to the Union were allowed to remain in the counties but required to move to communities near Union military outposts. Those unwilling or unable to prove loyalty were ordered to move from the counties altogether or face imprisonment. Among the forced evacuees were Solomon and Hattie (Gregg) Young and their daughter Martha, the maternal grandparents and mother of President Harry Truman. Butler was left a virtual ghost town. When residents returned later near wars end, the town and much of the county as a whole had been burned, looted and otherwise destroyed by regular Union forces, pro-Union Jayhawkers and Kansas "Red Legs". Post-Bellum: A temporary structure for county business and court activities was constructed in late 1865 but proved inadequate. In 1869 a much larger two-story brick courthouse was constructed at a cost of $23,000.〔 While slowly continuing its recovery Butler was finally incorporated as a village on June 19, 1872. Seven years later, on April 7, 1879 the village designation was changed and Butler was reincorporated as a fourth-class city under Missouri guidelines with William Page serving as the first mayor.〔 A large number of mills and grain elevators became part of the growing Butler business community through the 1870s, providing opportunities for surrounding farms to process wool and various grains.〔 Electric power came to Butler in 1881, making it one of the first communities west of the Mississippi River to offer that convenience. Four large lights were mounted atop the Bates County courthouse, providing illumination for the downtown area. Due to this Butler became known as "The Electric City"〔〔 The 1869 courthouse survived until 1899 when it was found to be structurally unsound, closed, and demolished.〔 After passage of a bond issue, construction on the current Bates county courthouse began in 1901. The eighty-by-one hundred five foot Romanesque-style structure was built of "Carthage stone" from southern Missouri at a total project cost of $50,000 and was occupied in July, 1902.〔 By the early 20th century Butler's business listings included three banks, an opera house, four hotels and a large number of general and specialty stores.〔 In 2008 Bates county residents erected a statue and plaque honoring the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteers and the Battle of Island Mound on the grounds of the Bates County courthouse in Butler.〔 Further, the State of Missouri purchased a portion of the battle site on the former Toothman homestead and established the "Battle of Island Mound State Historic Site" in October, 2012.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Butler, Missouri」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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